The tube structures do not just replace floats in a conventional system. They replace floats, ropes and spreader bars while offering much enhanced functionality.

Most importantly, these “pressure-supported” inflatable tubes derive their compression strength from internal fluid pressure and not structural materials. They can keep substrates spread in dynamic conditions, without relying on the material strength of compression struts.

They still bend flexibly in waves, with properties that can be varied by internal pressure, and exhibit a safe overload response, whereby they return to their original form when any excess load is removed.

SeaStrut tubes are able to keep adjacent substrates separated in dynamic conditions so that they can be installed in denser arrays, maximising the production intensity of a given site.

The ability to slide and secure substrates along the tubes from one end, or deploy towable pre-prepared grid arrays to site, means that less area needs to be kept clear to facilitate boat access.

By simply connecting a seawater pump to a single umbilical, an entire grid can be submerged. Ballast stability is maintained throughout the system. Operators may choose to do this to optimise growing conditions, for example: in response to light intensity, surface water temperatures or the presence of invasive species. Learn more about how the submergence control works here.

With surface buoyancy reduced to grid corner floats, the visual profile of the system is vastly reduced. Even when surfaced the slender tubes offer very little visual intrusion and the ability to control ballast and compensate automatically for biomass gains means that redundant float volume above the surface is not required. This can greatly aid planning constraints and public acceptance of developments at visually sensitive sites.

Due to the addition of energy through pumping seawater to cause submergence, there is stored energy in the compressed gas within the system. Any leak in the system results in slowly *increasing” buoyancy as ballast leaks under pressure. This results in a tendency to float, not sink, in response to unintended faults.

As biomass accumulates on substrates it is then also possible to use passive pressure activated valves to simply release water to increase buoyancy to compensate, with no need for operator intervention to add floats, for example.

While the system buoyancy can always be controlled by the operator by simply connecting to a seawater pump on the workboat, the option to integrate wave-activated pumps on grid corner floats means that high pressure water can be made available to submerge the system in response to storms. As mooring dynamic loads increase - so too with the pressure from pumps - which can then be used to self-regulate submerge depth during stormy periods, with no operator intervention.

Finally, the inflatable structure, with a smooth outer tubular geometry, offers unique opportunities for connecting and securing substrates. Impact-9 has developed re-usable “quick-connector” solutions that can be snapped onto the grid and slid into place when in a low pressure (buoyant) condition - similar to unfurling the substrate like a curtain alonf the SeaStrut tube. Once pressurised further, attachments are then secured in position to such an extent that abrasion mechanisms are eliminated, prolonging the useful life of the tube materials.

Furthermore, because the tubes are self-stable (they dont rely on mooring tension to support attached substrates), it is possible to pre-prepare seeded grid assemblies in harbour before towing to teh site and securing as a unit. These provide opportunities to scale operations to offshore zones in due course.

See here for how Impact-9 can work with operators to tailor operations for their farm.